Web Standards, Browsers and Designing for the future by James Opiko
At present, a vast majority of webmasters are designing for IE (Internet
Explorer) 6, which is not as W3C standards compliant as is FireFox, Netscape,
Safari and Opera.
In my article - "The
importance of sound website design & search spiders to Internet Marketers
," I mentioned the importance of a designer being cognizant of the fact that
web browser standards are not yet fully harmonized - a web page that looks
great in Internet Explorer (6) might look hideous in a Mozilla based browser
like FireFox or Netscape.
I also noted that with the explosion of devices with which to serve Internet
applications, compliance with W3C standards has become critical.
When the final release for IE 7 for Windows XP, Server 2003 & Vista is
launched, hopefully before the end of 2006, the tables will be turned, so to
speak.
Internet Explorer 7 will be more standards compliant and your HTML code will be
subject to much more rigorous interpretation than is the case with IE 6,
consequently some web pages that look fine in IE 6 might not look the same IE
7.
In IE 7 Microsoft has made a solemn effort to fix the browsers acquiescence to
W3C standards and
CSS(Cascading Style Sheets)
compatibility. CSS interpretation as recommended by W3C has been improved
tremendously giving designers and developers more leverage in functionality for
cross-browser design.
Microsoft asserts that they are taking
W3C compatibility
issues seriously.
Concisely what this means is that IE 7 will tend to interpret your web page
code more scrupulously than before.
Therefore, if you have been designing your pages and have not bothered to check
how they render in W3C Standards Compliant browsers like FireFox, you may be in
for a rude shock when IE 7 finally rolls out.
If you have not been incorporating W3C Web standards in your design strategy
you may need to re-design for IE 7.
How should you go about it?
Design for "strict" browsers like FireFox first. Not only is FireFox a more
standards-compliant browser but it is also the primary competitor to Internet
Explorer. A contender backed by Google's marketing machine -- and therefore, is
not likely do "a Netscape" on designers.
Prior and up to IE 4.x, Netscape was the leading browser in the market with
almost 80% of the market, but in a bid to force the issue culminating with
proprietary goofs by AOL to whom Netscape sold out, they screwed up big time
with versions 4 up to 6. A bitter war of attrition with Microsoft in the late
nineties did not help either.
Microsoft grabbed the opportunity and gobbled the Browser market overnight.
With version 7+ Netscape has been revived. How well it will compete with IE and
FireFox remains to be seen.
I will be the first to admit that most the web pages I have built in the last
several years are not always standards compliant...and so are ninety five
percent of other web pages -- as I stated in my previous article, "if strict
W3C standards were to be enforced in browsers, most websites would go out of
business."
To design for FireFox a designer needs to combine Valid CSS (Cascading Style
Sheets) for "look and feel" and W3C compliant HTML for web page structure.
The combination of these two design strategies is powerful in that it elicits
tremendous flexibility, ease of maintenance and opens up extensive
possibilities in website design. The benefits are rewarding, and every
webmaster should attempt to utilize this two pronged scheme in their design
routine.
Making changes to and/or styling a site designed with CSS is much easier and
more elegant than messing around with a traditional table-based design.
CSS may look intimidating to a first-timer but once you familiarize with the
basics you can progressively harness the power of CSS to your full benefit. In
addition, most web page design tools such as Dreamweaver of FrontPage have
built in modules with which you can automatically generate CSS code, which you
can then view in a plain text editor for study purposes.
To aid you in your CSS endeavor you need the following developer tools:
Web Developer Extension for FireFox and the
Internet Explorer Developer Toolbar
. Great time-saving tools for creating, understanding, and troubleshooting Web
pages.
As a matter of fact, by installing some of the
1,500+ available FireFox extensions
you can eliminate the need for quite a chunk of standalone desktop
applications.
After designing your Web page remember to us a
MarkUp Validation Service
to check whether your Web page conforms to W3C Recommendations. If there are
errors, the validator will notify you of them and suggest corrections.
Also, remember that when designing using W3C standards guidelines a lot of
code(tags) that were very valid in the "Pre-Standards" era have completely
depreciated and will be ignored completely by browsers. If you ignore these
errors during validation, your web pages might not render correctly.
In many instances, you may never be able to achieve 100% HTML or XHTML
validation. In such cases you may want put the following
DOCTYPE
declaration in your document -- at the top of your web page before the
<HTML> tag:
< !DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >
Note: remove space after "<" and before ">"
A "Document Type Definition" or DTD supplies Web browsers with information
about which (X)HTML specification your web page is built upon, which instructs
the Browser how to render the page for viewing.
In the example captioned above a standards compliant browsers will interpret
your web page as an HTML 4.01 document, and because it is marked as
"Transitional," it will display it in "quirks mode," meaning that the browser
will forgo the strict standards mode, and display your page like it would be
displayed in older "non-strict" browsers, while still supporting any tags
developed after IE 4, Netscape 4 and others.
On the contrary, the following DOCTYPE declaration tells the standards
compliant browsers that your web page should be displayed in strict compliance
with the DOCTYPE declaration.
< !DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" >
A complete list of recommended DTDs can be found at the
W3C
Website.
If you leave the DOCTYPE out, the browsers automatically switch to "quirks
mode," therefore, it is important to include the DOCTYPE declaration on every
web page that you build in order for it to be rendered correctly.
If your Web pages render well in FireFox at present you probably will not
encounter any major problems in IE 7 other than minor adjustments here and
there. However, I think a realistic designer should at least make a meaningful
attempt to follow W3C guidelines for it is the correct way forward.
Do it now so that you will ready for the future...re-designs and total overhauls
are a time consuming and painful process. A process, which becomes much easier
if your initial design incorporated structurally clean and modular (X)HTML with
CSS compliance.
About the Author
James Opiko writes for http://www.AfroArticles.com
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